Revenue

According to the state’s Evidence-Based Funding (EBF) model as of FY2026, CPS has 73 percent of the revenue that the formula says the District needs to be “adequately” funded. This is down from 79 percent in FY2025, and 81 percent in FY2024—a sharp eight-point decline in just two years. It is estimated that the District requires an additional $985 million to reach the state’s own goal of 90 percent adequacy by FY2027. This metric alone illustrates the severity of CPS’ current resourcing levels, and the District has limited ability to solve this problem on its own.

The largest share of local revenue comes from the Chicago Board of Education’s ability to tax residents on the value of their property. The stability of this revenue source is vital to the financial health and viability of the District. CPS’ ability to extend taxes is governed by the Property Tax Extension Limitation Law (PTELL), which limits the amount CPS can increase its property tax levy by the lesser of the change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or five percent. For FY2027, the relevant CPI has been calculated at 2.7 percent.

The largest portion of state funding allocated to CPS and other Illinois districts is Evidence-Based Funding (EBF). The state’s EBF model allocates each year’s new funding through a tiering system that directs new investments in state education funding to districts most in need of resources. At the end of the recent state legislative session, the General Assembly passed a state budget that includes a $350 million increase in EBF funding. As an under-resourced district, CPS will see additional state funding in FY2027, and, due to the EBF distribution construct, the additional amount will become the base for CPS’ appropriation in FY2028.

The following section details the factors, assumptions, and trends that are the basis of the FY2027 revenue budget.

Local Revenues

Property Taxes

CPS is projected to receive $4,542.5 million in property tax revenues in FY2027, which remains the District’s largest single revenue source. A portion of the District’s property tax revenues is restricted for specific uses. Within the operating budget, CPS projects to receive $646.5 million from the dedicated Chicago Teacher Pension Fund (CTPF) levy, which assists CPS in paying its annual pension obligation. (For more information on the pension levy calculation, please review the Pensions chapter). $85.2 million is revenue from the Capital Improvement Tax levy, which includes $79.7 million dedicated to paying debt service on bonds issued for capital improvements and $5.5 million in additional levy receipts.

The remaining $3,810.8 million of CPS’ property taxes are free to fund any other operating costs. $3,486 million of this is from the CPS property tax education levy, and $283 million is revenue from Transit Tax Increment Financing (TIF). CPS expects another $42 million from changes to the property tax code from Public Act 102-0519, which allows Illinois school districts to receive the amount of property tax levied but not received due to property tax bill refunds processed through the State Treasurer’s Office.

The FY2027 budget includes a net increase in property taxes of $300.8 million. The increase is attributable to an increase of $119.8 million from the District’s Transit TIF collections and a $136.8 million increase in education levy collections. Pension levy collections are expected to be $44.2 million higher relative to the FY2026 budget.

Impact of Inflation

CPS’ property tax levy is subject to PTELL, which limits the amount school districts can extend or collect from a taxing district. Each year, CPS levies property taxes to fund the operations of the public school system. The amount that CPS requests through the Board of Education cannot reflect an increase greater than the lesser of the change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or five percent. Tying tax increases to CPI is intended to prevent taxpayers from being overburdened by government activity that is independent of larger economic trends and has a subsequent impact on taxpayers.

The Illinois Department of Revenue is responsible for publishing the CPI that will be used for any government unit subject to PTELL. For the FY2027 property tax levy calculation, the calculated CPI is 2.7 percent. Inflationary increases under PTELL impact only the District’s education levy and are expected to add $22.9 million to the District’s projected property tax collections.

Impact of Assessments and New Property

The Cook County Assessor’s office reassesses property values on a triennial cycle. The city underwent its regular reassessment in 2024, the most recent year for which property value, or equalized assessed value (EAV), totals are available. However, forecasting the impact of the reassessment is challenging. CPS typically estimates eight percent growth in EAV associated with reassessment years. For the FY2026 budget, this growth was reflected in the pension levy revenue estimate; the pension levy is uniquely based on current year, tax year 2026, new property totals and the previous year, tax year 2025, property value tax base. The FY2027 budget includes a year-over-year EAV growth estimate for tax year 2026 of two percent.

Additionally, property that was either constructed during a given tax year, or newly taxable as part of the incremental value of an expired TIF district, is not included in the base property amount that is capped under PTELL. Both new property and the incremental equalized assessed value of an expiring TIF district are taxed at the same rate as existing properties.

In tax year 2026, an anticipated amount of $609 million of newly constructed property and $249 million of incremental EAV from expiring TIF districts is projected to be newly available under CPS’ tax levies and will subsequently become part of the tax year 2027 base.

Other Property Tax Considerations

A smaller portion of CPS operating revenues is generated by Transit TIF districts created for the Red-Purple Modernization and Red Line Extension programs. The districts serve to fund development projects on the North Side of Chicago to modernize Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) tracks from North Avenue to Devon Avenue and to extend rail south of 95th/Dan Ryan, respectively. By statute, the share of Transit TIF revenue CPS receives is proportional to the annual tax rate for CPS compared to the total composite tax rate of all taxing districts servicing Transit TIF properties. In recent years, CPS has received approximately 54 percent of all revenue produced in the Transit TIF. In FY2027, CPS projects that Transit TIF revenues are budgeted to be $283 million, representing an increase of $119.8 million from the FY2026 revenue budget of $163 million. A primary driver of the significant increase is a right-sizing of the growth rate assumption for TIF district EAV. The updated assumption of approximately six percent in a non-reassessment year is based on a measured correlation between TIF district and base EAV growth.

Personal Property Replacement Taxes (PPRT)

Personal Property Replacement Taxes (PPRT) are collected by the State of Illinois and distributed to local governments state-wide. While the tax rates behind the collections are constant, the amount of funding CPS receives from this revenue can vary significantly from year to year. This is because PPRT is a tax that businesses and partnerships, trusts, and S corporations pay on their net Illinois income, along with a tax that public utilities pay on invested income. As corporate and investment income fluctuates, so does the amount received by local government agencies, including CPS.

The collection rates, found below, are greatest for the Corporate Income Tax  (CIT):

• Corporations pay a 2.5 percent replacement tax on their net Illinois income.
• Partnerships, trusts, and S corporations pay a 1.5 percent replacement tax on their net Illinois income.
• Public utilities pay a 0.8 percent tax on invested capital.

Prior to the late 1970s, local governments and school districts were statutorily allowed to levy taxes on business properties. After the General Assembly revoked that ability, legislation instituting PPRT was passed to mitigate the revenue loss to local taxing agencies. The portion of PPRT disbursed to Illinois local government agencies reflects the portion of the total tax levy on business properties collected in tax year 1977. For CPS, the portion of collected PPRT distributed is 14 percent.

PPRT overperformed FY2026 expectations with a projected end-of-year total of $283 million in CPS revenue, approximately $33 million more than the FY2026 budgeted total of $250 million. In FY2027, PPRT receipts are budgeted to be similar to FY2026 revenue. CPS projects to collect $283 million in PPRT revenue in FY2027. With debt service payments from PPRT totaling $102.2 million, the remaining $181.3 million of PPRT revenue will be available to support operating costs.

TIF Surplus and Other Local Resources

According to the terms of the state TIF Act, surplus funds must be calculated on an annual basis, and if there is an excess of TIF funding compared to what has been pledged to projects, this is considered to be a "surplus". In addition to state law, Executive Order 2013-3 enacted by former Mayor Rahm Emanuel further formalized and expanded upon the process of the City declaring a TIF surplus on an annual basis.

Surplus amounts are distributed proportionally to the taxing bodies within the TIF districts. CPS typically receives about 54 percent of the total surplus declared. In FY2026, CPS was allocated $552 million in TIF surplus, with $175 million dedicated as a non-statutory contribution to the City pension fund, a net revenue of $377 million. CPS has budgeted $200 million in TIF surplus for FY2027, a reduction of $352 million in total TIF surplus revenue compared to the FY2026 budget.

All other local revenue includes a variety of revenue sources, including school-generated revenue, payments from charter schools, and revenue generated through intergovernmental agreements (IGAs), including $142 million from an annual city property tax levy that funds the debt service on CPS-issued bonds through the District’s School Building and Improvement IGA.

Local Contributions to Capital

FY2027 local capital revenue of $44.0 million assumes $27.9 million in reimbursements for ongoing TIF-related projects, plus $10.6 million from the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District and the Department of Water for Space to Grow projects. The budget also includes $5.5 million from Capital Improvement Tax collections not tied to existing bond issuances.

State Revenue

In FY2027, CPS’ state revenue budget is $2,781.2 million, which comprises 29.8 percent of CPS’ total budget. As discussed above, the state provides funding to CPS through EBF, support for pension normal cost, and several other appropriations that come in the form of reimbursable or block grants.

Evidence-Based Funding

EBF is the largest portion of funding that CPS receives from the State of Illinois. In FY2027, EBF represents 68.6 percent of the $2,781.2 million that CPS is projected to receive from the state.

Since its inception in 2017, the state has allocated EBF funds to districts using a formula that maintains existing funding levels for all districts and targets new funding to the districts that are least well-funded. The formula first allocates each district its Base Funding Minimum, a total reflecting the previous year’s EBF allocation. This provision provides crucial stability for CPS as it ensures that, regardless of enrollment or demographic trends, CPS will receive at least the same funding as the year prior.

The second component of the formula allocates new, or “tier,” funding based on a formula that targets the least well-funded districts. To evaluate funding levels of districts across the state, the state first calculates “adequacy targets” for each district, reflecting the evidence-based level of resources needed for each district to educate its students. Adequacy targets include, for example, the additional resources necessary to educate low-income students, special education students, and English language learners, along with the financial resources needed to provide funding for technological devices and instructional materials.

Funding adequacy, expressed as a percentage, is then calculated by dividing each district’s available local resources by its adequacy target, indicating each district’s ability to meet its specific needs. The FY2026 calculations indicated that CPS’ funding adequacy was 73.3 percent.

Tier funding is then distributed using a formula that allocates the most funding to “Tier 1” schools, or those least adequately funded. Until FY2023, CPS had been a Tier 1 district since the inception of EBF, reflecting the high needs of the District and historical levels of underfunding. Due largely to an increase in calendar year PPRT revenue, CPS was reclassified as Tier 2 in FY2023, resulting in a 48% decrease in tier funding. Changes to revenue and expense factors within the EBF formula led to CPS returning to Tier 1 in FY2026.

For the FY2027 resources calculation, the formula utilizes actual PPRT disbursements in calendar year 2025. The calendar year amounts used in the calculation decreased by $65.5 million, or 19.5 percent. While this decline affects all districts across the state, PPRT makes up a significantly greater portion of the CPS local resources total than the average district. Given the change in comparative need, and the $350 million of new EBF funding in the state’s recently passed FY2026 budget, CPS expects to receive an additional $85.5 million in tier funding in FY2027, about 24.4 percent of the total new funding. In FY2026, CPS received approximately 24.8 percent of total new funding.

Since 2019, CPS has received an additional allocation of EBF funding that is the result of property tax adjustments. This amount totals just over $16 million and is included in the total EBF funding amounts.

State Contribution to Teacher Pensions

FY2027 is the tenth consecutive year that CPS has benefited from the State of Illinois making payments to the Chicago Teacher Pension Fund (CTPF). While the state contributions help to offset the impact that CTPF has on CPS’ financial health, Chicago remains the only district in Illinois that is required to pay contributions to its teacher pension fund. In FY2027, the state contribution to CTPF is $368.0 million, an increase of $4.9 million from the prior year’s contribution of $363.1 million, but only 36 percent of the District’s total teacher pension cost. See the Pensions chapter for more information.

Additional State Funds including Categorical Grants

In addition to EBF and teacher pension contributions, CPS is projected to receive $505 million in revenue from other state-appropriated funds and categorical grants. The majority of this funding is from the Early Childhood Block Grant; CPS expects to receive the same level of funding as FY2026, a total of $277 million. CPS also expects to receive $3.2 million for teacher pipeline efforts based on the governor’s recommended budget.

State Contribution for Capital

The state capital revenue total of $32.4 million comprises $3.6 million in gaming revenue for new construction projects and $28.8 million in anticipated reimbursements for approved capital projects.

Federal Revenue

Most federal grants require the Chicago Board of Education to provide supplemental educational services for eligible children, for example, those from low-income households, and children from non-English speaking families. These grants are dedicated to specific purposes and cannot supplant local programs. Medicaid reimbursement and Impact Aid are the only federal funding sources without any restrictions.

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

• Title I-A—Low Income: Allocated based on a district’s poverty levels, this is the largest grant received under the ESSA. The grant allows the District to provide supplemental programs to improve the academic achievement of low-income students. The anticipated total grant award for FY2027 is $289.2 million. CPS anticipates an additional $40 million in carryover.
• Title I-A—School and District Improvement (formerly IL Empower): This grant is a state-wide system of differentiated support and accountability to improve student learning, purposely designed to develop capacity to meet student needs. CPS is budgeting $20 million in FY2027.
• Title I-D—Neglected/Delinquent: This grant targets the educational services for children and youth in local and state institutions, to assist them in attaining state academic achievement standards. Programs include academic tutoring, counseling, and other curricular activities. The anticipated total grant award for FY2027 is $2.0 million.
• Title II-A—Improving Teacher Quality: This grant funds class size reduction, recruitment and training, mentoring, and other support services to improve teacher quality. CPS anticipates a total of $18.1 million to be awarded for the FY2027 Title II-A grant and an additional $7 million of carryover.
• Title III-A—Language Acquisition: These funds support students with limited English proficiency who meet eligibility requirements. The total funding available is estimated at $17.0 million for FY2027.
• Title IV-A—Student Support and Academic Enrichment Grants: These grants support states, local educational agencies, schools, and local communities to provide all students with access to a well-rounded education, improved student learning conditions in schools, and increased technology in order to improve the academic achievement and digital literacy of all students. CPS anticipates a total of $20.7 million to be awarded for the FY2027 Title IV-A grant.
• Title IV-B—21st Century Community Learning Centers: These grants provide opportunities for communities to establish schools as community learning centers and provide activities during after-school and evening hours. CPS anticipates a total of $6.9 million to be awarded in FY2027.
  

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

IDEA grants are allocated based on a state-established formula to provide supplemental funds for special education and related services to all children with disabilities from ages three through 21.

The IDEA grants include a number of programs:

• IDEA Part B Flow-Through: This is the largest IDEA grant, with the estimated award for FY2027 totaling $103.1 million.
• IDEA Room and Board: This grant provides room and board reimbursement for students attending facilities outside of Chicago and is estimated at $6.7 million in FY2027.
• Part B Preschool: This grant offers both formula and competitive grants for special education programs for children ages 3–5 with disabilities. CPS anticipates a total of $2.5 million from the formula grant and $817,837 from a competitive grant for FY2027.

Total FY2027 IDEA funding equals $110.5 million, including small competitive grants and carryover from the previous year in the preschool grant.

Child Nutrition Programs

CPS participates in state- and federally-funded Child Nutrition Programs, including:

• School Breakfast Program (SBP)
• National School Lunch Program (NSLP)
• Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP)
• Summer Food Service Program (SFSP)
• Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP)

Under the Child Nutrition Programs (CNP), CPS offers free breakfast, lunch, after-school supper, after-school snacks, Saturday breakfast, and Saturday lunch during the school year. The District also serves breakfast and lunch during summer school and offers fresh fruit and vegetables to elementary school students during the school year.

In 2012, CPS began participating in the Community Eligibility Provision program. All schools are now part of this program, which provides free breakfast and lunch to all students regardless of income eligibility. CPS is reimbursed for all meals at the maximum free reimbursement rate under each CNP.

CPS anticipates $208 million in federal reimbursements for FY2027. These revenues include:

• $204 million for school lunches, breakfast, snacks, and donated foods
• $2.8 million for CACFP
• $1.3 million for FFVP

Medicaid Reimbursement

Local Education Agencies (LEAs) are required to provide special education and related services as delineated in the Individualized Education Program (IEP) and an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) at no cost to parents. In addition, LEAs in Illinois may now seek reimbursement for school-based Medicaid services for Medicaid-enrolled students with a 504 Plan, an individualized plan of care, or where medical necessity has been otherwise established. Medicaid provides reimbursement for the:

• Delivery of covered direct medical services provided to any Medicaid-enrolled child
• Cost of specific administrative activities, including outreach activities designed to ensure that students have access to Medicaid-covered programs and services.

Medicaid provides reimbursement for covered direct medical services, including, but not limited to: audiology, developmental assessments, medical equipment, medical services, medical supplies, medication administration, nursing services, occupational therapy, physical therapy, psychological services, school health aides, social work, speech/language pathology, and specialized transportation. When these services are provided to a Medicaid-enrolled student, the services are eligible for Medicaid reimbursement at the state’s approved reimbursement rate.

Medicaid revenues in FY2027 are projected to be $88.7 million, subject to the level of healthcare services rendered in the upcoming school year.

Other Federal Grants

This category includes funding for other specific purposes, including:

• Carl D. Perkins: This grant was established to help students in secondary and post-secondary education develop academic and technical skills for career opportunities, specific job training, and occupational retraining. The FY2027 Perkins formula grant is anticipated to be $9.7 million.
• E-rate: The Federal Communications Commission provides funding through its E-rate program to discount the cost of telecommunications, internet access, and internal connections for schools and libraries across the country. The FY2027 federal E-rate grant is anticipated to be $13.6 million.

Federal Interest Subsidy under Qualified School Construction Bonds (QSCBs) and Build America Bonds (BABs)

In FY2027, CPS has budgeted to receive a direct federal subsidy payment of $23.4 million for these two types of federally subsidized bonds. This amount takes into consideration an allowance assumption of 5.7 percent for federal sequestration. See the Debt Management chapter for more information.

Federal Contribution for Capital

The federal capital revenue total of $4.7 million is funded by the federal E-rate grant.